Year 9 English Achievement Standard
11 statements aligned to content descriptors and elaborations
Achievement standard (as ACARA publishes it)
Achievement standard
Click any sentence to jump to its statement and linked content descriptors.
By the end of Year 9, students interact with others, and listen to and create spoken and multimodal texts including literary texts. With a range of purposes and for audiences, they discuss and expand on ideas, shaping meaning and providing substantiation. They select and experiment with text structures to organise and develop ideas. They select and experiment with language features including literary devices, and experiment with multimodal features and features of voice.
They read, view and comprehend a range of texts created to inform, influence and/or engage audiences. They analyse representations of people, places, events and concepts, and how texts respond to contexts. They analyse the aesthetic qualities of texts. They analyse the effects of text structures, and language features including literary devices, intertextual references, and multimodal features.
They create written and multimodal texts, including literary texts, for a range of purposes and audiences, expressing and expanding ideas, shaping meaning and providing substantiation. They select and experiment with text structures to organise, develop and link ideas. They select and experiment with language features including literary devices, and experiment with multimodal features.
The 11 achievement standard statements
Open a statement to see the content descriptors ACARA links to it, then open a descriptor's elaborations.
By the end of Year 9, students interact with others, and listen to and create spoken and multimodal texts including literary texts.
Content descriptorAC9E9LA01 Language
recognise how language empowers relationships and roles
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration identifying the various communities to which students belong and how language reinforces membership of these communities; for example, the intimate language of family members, the jargon of teenage groups, the technicality of some online communities, the language specific to recreational groups and the interaction patterns of the classroom
- Elaboration exploring language used by First Nations Australian authors to reinforce relationships to Country/Place and with others; for example, “Hello” in Turrabul language is “Galang nguruindhau”
Content descriptorAC9E9LA02 Language
understand how evaluation can be expressed directly and indirectly using devices such as allusion, evocative vocabulary and metaphor
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration comparing texts that use evaluative language in different ways; for example, print advertisements, editorials, talkback radio, podcasts and poetry, and identifying wording that appraises indirectly through evocative language, similes and metaphors that direct readers’ views in particular ways
Content descriptorAC9E9LA07 Language
analyse how symbols in still and moving images augment meaning
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration investigating the use of symbols; for example, specific seasons, weather and colours in images, films and picture books, and evaluating their contribution to viewers’ understanding, recognising that visual and verbal symbols have different meanings for different groups and cultures
- Elaboration understanding the use of symbols by First Nations Australians, where a symbol may have many meanings or have different meanings across First Nations Australian groups; for example, artwork enables First Nations Australians from a particular Country/Place to identify symbols and interpret the artwork
Content descriptorAC9E9LE02 Literature
present a personal response to a literary text comparing initial impressions and subsequent analysis of the whole text
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration interrogating and making judgements about a text, comparing others’ ideas against the student’s own and reaching an independent decision or consensus about the interpretations and ideas expressed
Content descriptorAC9E9LE04 Literature
analyse texts and evaluate the aesthetic qualities and appeal of an author’s literary style
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration comparing texts created by the same author to determine literary style, assessing their appeal and presenting comparisons to others
Content descriptorAC9E9LE05 Literature
analyse the effect of text structures, language features and literary devices such as extended metaphor, metonymy, allegory, symbolism and intertextual references
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration examining how different authors make use of devices such as imagery, and explaining the effect of these choices on audiences
- Elaboration identifying examples of literary devices in a range of poems and considering how they contribute to meaning and influence the emotional responses of the audience
Content descriptorAC9E9LE06 Literature
create and edit literary texts, that may be a hybrid, that experiment with text structures, language features and literary devices for purposes and audiences
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration taking an existing short story, poem, play or speech in print form and creating a short film
- Elaboration adapting traditional and contemporary literature through textual intervention, prequel or sequel
- Elaboration editing by checking for run-on sentences, ensuring that detail or repetition is used for effect, and ensuring paragraphs are linked in ways that develop the narrative
Content descriptorAC9E9LY02 Literacy
listen to spoken texts that have different purposes and audiences, analysing how language features position listeners to respond in particular ways, and use interacting skills to present and discuss opinions regarding these texts
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration discussing how stereotypes are created through language and how they position listeners to respond
- Elaboration using effective strategies for dialogue and discussion in a range of formal and informal contexts, including speaking clearly and coherently and for an appropriate length of time, presenting an opinion and listening to the opinions of others
Content descriptorAC9E9LY07 Literacy
plan, create, rehearse and deliver spoken and multimodal presentations for purpose and audience, using language features, literary devices and features of voice such as volume, tone, pitch and pace, and organising, expanding and developing ideas in ways that may be imaginative, reflective, informative, persuasive, analytical and/or critical
Elaborations (4)
- Elaboration using graphics and text animations to accompany spoken text; for example, presenting a news item suitable for a current affairs program that uses images with spoken text to influence a viewer’s response
- Elaboration selecting features of voice such as tone, volume, pitch and pace for their specific effects to create tone or to persuade an audience
- Elaboration choosing text structures and adapting literary devices such as similes, metaphors and personification to meet the perceived needs of an audience when debating a topic, creating a voiceover for a media presentation or presenting a seminar
- Elaboration collaborating with peers to develop imaginative recreations of part of a text or to represent a key idea in a text
With a range of purposes and for audiences, they discuss and expand on ideas, shaping meaning and providing substantiation.
Content descriptorAC9E9LA01 Language
recognise how language empowers relationships and roles
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration identifying the various communities to which students belong and how language reinforces membership of these communities; for example, the intimate language of family members, the jargon of teenage groups, the technicality of some online communities, the language specific to recreational groups and the interaction patterns of the classroom
- Elaboration exploring language used by First Nations Australian authors to reinforce relationships to Country/Place and with others; for example, “Hello” in Turrabul language is “Galang nguruindhau”
Content descriptorAC9E9LA02 Language
understand how evaluation can be expressed directly and indirectly using devices such as allusion, evocative vocabulary and metaphor
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration comparing texts that use evaluative language in different ways; for example, print advertisements, editorials, talkback radio, podcasts and poetry, and identifying wording that appraises indirectly through evocative language, similes and metaphors that direct readers’ views in particular ways
Content descriptorAC9E9LA04 Language
investigate a range of cohesive devices that condense information in texts, including nominalisation, and devices that link, expand and develop ideas, including text connectives
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration sequencing and developing an argument using language structures that suggest conclusions (“therefore”, “moreover” and “so”) or give reasons (“since”, “because”) or suggest conditionals (“if … then”)
Content descriptorAC9E9LA06 Language
understand how abstract nouns and nominalisation can be used to summarise ideas in text
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration exploring sections of academic and technical texts, and analysing the use of abstract nouns; for example, “the previous argument”, “the prologue”, to summarise and distil information, structure the argument and summarise preceding explanations
Content descriptorAC9E9LA07 Language
analyse how symbols in still and moving images augment meaning
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration investigating the use of symbols; for example, specific seasons, weather and colours in images, films and picture books, and evaluating their contribution to viewers’ understanding, recognising that visual and verbal symbols have different meanings for different groups and cultures
- Elaboration understanding the use of symbols by First Nations Australians, where a symbol may have many meanings or have different meanings across First Nations Australian groups; for example, artwork enables First Nations Australians from a particular Country/Place to identify symbols and interpret the artwork
Content descriptorAC9E9LE02 Literature
present a personal response to a literary text comparing initial impressions and subsequent analysis of the whole text
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration interrogating and making judgements about a text, comparing others’ ideas against the student’s own and reaching an independent decision or consensus about the interpretations and ideas expressed
Content descriptorAC9E9LY02 Literacy
listen to spoken texts that have different purposes and audiences, analysing how language features position listeners to respond in particular ways, and use interacting skills to present and discuss opinions regarding these texts
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration discussing how stereotypes are created through language and how they position listeners to respond
- Elaboration using effective strategies for dialogue and discussion in a range of formal and informal contexts, including speaking clearly and coherently and for an appropriate length of time, presenting an opinion and listening to the opinions of others
Content descriptorAC9E9LY07 Literacy
plan, create, rehearse and deliver spoken and multimodal presentations for purpose and audience, using language features, literary devices and features of voice such as volume, tone, pitch and pace, and organising, expanding and developing ideas in ways that may be imaginative, reflective, informative, persuasive, analytical and/or critical
Elaborations (4)
- Elaboration using graphics and text animations to accompany spoken text; for example, presenting a news item suitable for a current affairs program that uses images with spoken text to influence a viewer’s response
- Elaboration selecting features of voice such as tone, volume, pitch and pace for their specific effects to create tone or to persuade an audience
- Elaboration choosing text structures and adapting literary devices such as similes, metaphors and personification to meet the perceived needs of an audience when debating a topic, creating a voiceover for a media presentation or presenting a seminar
- Elaboration collaborating with peers to develop imaginative recreations of part of a text or to represent a key idea in a text
They select and experiment with text structures to organise and develop ideas.
Content descriptorAC9E9LA03 Language
examine how authors adapt and subvert text structures and language features by experimenting with spoken, written, visual and multimodal elements, and their combination
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration comparing the use of linear and non-linear narratives in a range of short stories, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures
- Elaboration comparing the opening paragraphs of different public texts such as feature articles, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures and language features
Content descriptorAC9E9LA04 Language
investigate a range of cohesive devices that condense information in texts, including nominalisation, and devices that link, expand and develop ideas, including text connectives
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration sequencing and developing an argument using language structures that suggest conclusions (“therefore”, “moreover” and “so”) or give reasons (“since”, “because”) or suggest conditionals (“if … then”)
Content descriptorAC9E9LE06 Literature
create and edit literary texts, that may be a hybrid, that experiment with text structures, language features and literary devices for purposes and audiences
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration taking an existing short story, poem, play or speech in print form and creating a short film
- Elaboration adapting traditional and contemporary literature through textual intervention, prequel or sequel
- Elaboration editing by checking for run-on sentences, ensuring that detail or repetition is used for effect, and ensuring paragraphs are linked in ways that develop the narrative
Content descriptorAC9E9LY07 Literacy
plan, create, rehearse and deliver spoken and multimodal presentations for purpose and audience, using language features, literary devices and features of voice such as volume, tone, pitch and pace, and organising, expanding and developing ideas in ways that may be imaginative, reflective, informative, persuasive, analytical and/or critical
Elaborations (4)
- Elaboration using graphics and text animations to accompany spoken text; for example, presenting a news item suitable for a current affairs program that uses images with spoken text to influence a viewer’s response
- Elaboration selecting features of voice such as tone, volume, pitch and pace for their specific effects to create tone or to persuade an audience
- Elaboration choosing text structures and adapting literary devices such as similes, metaphors and personification to meet the perceived needs of an audience when debating a topic, creating a voiceover for a media presentation or presenting a seminar
- Elaboration collaborating with peers to develop imaginative recreations of part of a text or to represent a key idea in a text
They select and experiment with language features including literary devices, and experiment with multimodal features and features of voice.
Content descriptorAC9E9LA01 Language
recognise how language empowers relationships and roles
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration identifying the various communities to which students belong and how language reinforces membership of these communities; for example, the intimate language of family members, the jargon of teenage groups, the technicality of some online communities, the language specific to recreational groups and the interaction patterns of the classroom
- Elaboration exploring language used by First Nations Australian authors to reinforce relationships to Country/Place and with others; for example, “Hello” in Turrabul language is “Galang nguruindhau”
Content descriptorAC9E9LA02 Language
understand how evaluation can be expressed directly and indirectly using devices such as allusion, evocative vocabulary and metaphor
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration comparing texts that use evaluative language in different ways; for example, print advertisements, editorials, talkback radio, podcasts and poetry, and identifying wording that appraises indirectly through evocative language, similes and metaphors that direct readers’ views in particular ways
Content descriptorAC9E9LA03 Language
examine how authors adapt and subvert text structures and language features by experimenting with spoken, written, visual and multimodal elements, and their combination
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration comparing the use of linear and non-linear narratives in a range of short stories, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures
- Elaboration comparing the opening paragraphs of different public texts such as feature articles, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures and language features
Content descriptorAC9E9LA04 Language
investigate a range of cohesive devices that condense information in texts, including nominalisation, and devices that link, expand and develop ideas, including text connectives
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration sequencing and developing an argument using language structures that suggest conclusions (“therefore”, “moreover” and “so”) or give reasons (“since”, “because”) or suggest conditionals (“if … then”)
Content descriptorAC9E9LA06 Language
understand how abstract nouns and nominalisation can be used to summarise ideas in text
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration exploring sections of academic and technical texts, and analysing the use of abstract nouns; for example, “the previous argument”, “the prologue”, to summarise and distil information, structure the argument and summarise preceding explanations
Content descriptorAC9E9LA07 Language
analyse how symbols in still and moving images augment meaning
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration investigating the use of symbols; for example, specific seasons, weather and colours in images, films and picture books, and evaluating their contribution to viewers’ understanding, recognising that visual and verbal symbols have different meanings for different groups and cultures
- Elaboration understanding the use of symbols by First Nations Australians, where a symbol may have many meanings or have different meanings across First Nations Australian groups; for example, artwork enables First Nations Australians from a particular Country/Place to identify symbols and interpret the artwork
Content descriptorAC9E9LA08 Language
analyse how vocabulary choices contribute to style, mood and tone
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration identifying the words used to create nuanced meaning; for example, identifying the words that create a sarcastic tone in a text
- Elaboration identifying how the vocabulary used in a text contributes to its stylistic effectiveness
Content descriptorAC9E9LE06 Literature
create and edit literary texts, that may be a hybrid, that experiment with text structures, language features and literary devices for purposes and audiences
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration taking an existing short story, poem, play or speech in print form and creating a short film
- Elaboration adapting traditional and contemporary literature through textual intervention, prequel or sequel
- Elaboration editing by checking for run-on sentences, ensuring that detail or repetition is used for effect, and ensuring paragraphs are linked in ways that develop the narrative
Content descriptorAC9E9LY02 Literacy
listen to spoken texts that have different purposes and audiences, analysing how language features position listeners to respond in particular ways, and use interacting skills to present and discuss opinions regarding these texts
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration discussing how stereotypes are created through language and how they position listeners to respond
- Elaboration using effective strategies for dialogue and discussion in a range of formal and informal contexts, including speaking clearly and coherently and for an appropriate length of time, presenting an opinion and listening to the opinions of others
Content descriptorAC9E9LY07 Literacy
plan, create, rehearse and deliver spoken and multimodal presentations for purpose and audience, using language features, literary devices and features of voice such as volume, tone, pitch and pace, and organising, expanding and developing ideas in ways that may be imaginative, reflective, informative, persuasive, analytical and/or critical
Elaborations (4)
- Elaboration using graphics and text animations to accompany spoken text; for example, presenting a news item suitable for a current affairs program that uses images with spoken text to influence a viewer’s response
- Elaboration selecting features of voice such as tone, volume, pitch and pace for their specific effects to create tone or to persuade an audience
- Elaboration choosing text structures and adapting literary devices such as similes, metaphors and personification to meet the perceived needs of an audience when debating a topic, creating a voiceover for a media presentation or presenting a seminar
- Elaboration collaborating with peers to develop imaginative recreations of part of a text or to represent a key idea in a text
They read, view and comprehend a range of texts created to inform, influence and/or engage audiences.
Content descriptorAC9E9LA01 Language
recognise how language empowers relationships and roles
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration identifying the various communities to which students belong and how language reinforces membership of these communities; for example, the intimate language of family members, the jargon of teenage groups, the technicality of some online communities, the language specific to recreational groups and the interaction patterns of the classroom
- Elaboration exploring language used by First Nations Australian authors to reinforce relationships to Country/Place and with others; for example, “Hello” in Turrabul language is “Galang nguruindhau”
Content descriptorAC9E9LA03 Language
examine how authors adapt and subvert text structures and language features by experimenting with spoken, written, visual and multimodal elements, and their combination
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration comparing the use of linear and non-linear narratives in a range of short stories, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures
- Elaboration comparing the opening paragraphs of different public texts such as feature articles, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures and language features
Content descriptorAC9E9LA04 Language
investigate a range of cohesive devices that condense information in texts, including nominalisation, and devices that link, expand and develop ideas, including text connectives
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration sequencing and developing an argument using language structures that suggest conclusions (“therefore”, “moreover” and “so”) or give reasons (“since”, “because”) or suggest conditionals (“if … then”)
Content descriptorAC9E9LA07 Language
analyse how symbols in still and moving images augment meaning
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration investigating the use of symbols; for example, specific seasons, weather and colours in images, films and picture books, and evaluating their contribution to viewers’ understanding, recognising that visual and verbal symbols have different meanings for different groups and cultures
- Elaboration understanding the use of symbols by First Nations Australians, where a symbol may have many meanings or have different meanings across First Nations Australian groups; for example, artwork enables First Nations Australians from a particular Country/Place to identify symbols and interpret the artwork
Content descriptorAC9E9LA08 Language
analyse how vocabulary choices contribute to style, mood and tone
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration identifying the words used to create nuanced meaning; for example, identifying the words that create a sarcastic tone in a text
- Elaboration identifying how the vocabulary used in a text contributes to its stylistic effectiveness
Content descriptorAC9E9LE03 Literature
analyse how features of literary texts influence readers’ preference for texts
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration reflecting on and discussing responses to literature including characterisation, setting details, plot events, themes and literary devices used to achieve particular effects, and collaboratively formulating a list of factors that distinguish value
Content descriptorAC9E9LE04 Literature
analyse texts and evaluate the aesthetic qualities and appeal of an author’s literary style
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration comparing texts created by the same author to determine literary style, assessing their appeal and presenting comparisons to others
Content descriptorAC9E9LE05 Literature
analyse the effect of text structures, language features and literary devices such as extended metaphor, metonymy, allegory, symbolism and intertextual references
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration examining how different authors make use of devices such as imagery, and explaining the effect of these choices on audiences
- Elaboration identifying examples of literary devices in a range of poems and considering how they contribute to meaning and influence the emotional responses of the audience
Content descriptorAC9E9LY01 Literacy
analyse how representations of people, places, events and concepts reflect contexts
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration examining the representation of public figures in media and recognising how these vary in different contexts
- Elaboration identifying and analysing how news is conveyed in texts; for example, analysing representations of an event at a particular time reported in the media
- Elaboration comparing texts from different time periods and analysing the language features used to represent individuals or groups
Content descriptorAC9E9LY03 Literacy
analyse and evaluate how language features are used to represent a perspective of an issue, event, situation, individual or group
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration analysing the use of language in the coverage of a contentious issue in a range of news and social media
- Elaboration explaining how authors use language features to represent ideas and convey opinions
- Elaboration comparing a range of advocacy, campaign or inspirational speeches from films or media and identifying language features that influence the listener
Content descriptorAC9E9LY04 Literacy
analyse the organisation of ideas in paragraphs and extended texts, and evaluate its impact on meaning
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration evaluating techniques used in texts to organise ideas and evoke emotional responses, such as comparison, contrast, exaggeration, juxtaposition, the changing of chronological order, and the expansion and compression of time
- Elaboration explaining whether the author conveys meaning effectively, through the sequence of information and evidence
Content descriptorAC9E9LY05 Literacy
use comprehension strategies such as visualising, predicting, connecting, summarising, monitoring, questioning and inferring to compare and contrast ideas and opinions in and between texts
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration comparing and contrasting visual representations of ideas, issues or events in online news reporting
- Elaboration comparing the representation of an event in print and digital sources, summarising their qualities, identifying opinions and analysing evidence
- Elaboration summarising articles representing a current event comparing and contrasting ideas and opinions in and between texts
Content descriptorAC9E9LY08 Literacy
understand how spelling is used in texts for particular effects; for example, characterisation, humour and to represent accents and distinctive speech
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration exploring the spelling of neologisms and their effect in media texts such as online posts; for example, “selfie” and “Paralympics”
- Elaboration analysing how spelling is used to represent the distinctive speech of a character by noting where authors have dropped letters from words to emulate the sound of spoken words
They analyse representations of people, places, events and concepts, and how texts respond to contexts.
Content descriptorAC9E9LA06 Language
understand how abstract nouns and nominalisation can be used to summarise ideas in text
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration exploring sections of academic and technical texts, and analysing the use of abstract nouns; for example, “the previous argument”, “the prologue”, to summarise and distil information, structure the argument and summarise preceding explanations
Content descriptorAC9E9LA07 Language
analyse how symbols in still and moving images augment meaning
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration investigating the use of symbols; for example, specific seasons, weather and colours in images, films and picture books, and evaluating their contribution to viewers’ understanding, recognising that visual and verbal symbols have different meanings for different groups and cultures
- Elaboration understanding the use of symbols by First Nations Australians, where a symbol may have many meanings or have different meanings across First Nations Australian groups; for example, artwork enables First Nations Australians from a particular Country/Place to identify symbols and interpret the artwork
Content descriptorAC9E9LA08 Language
analyse how vocabulary choices contribute to style, mood and tone
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration identifying the words used to create nuanced meaning; for example, identifying the words that create a sarcastic tone in a text
- Elaboration identifying how the vocabulary used in a text contributes to its stylistic effectiveness
Content descriptorAC9E9LA09 Language
understand punctuation conventions for referencing and citing others for formal and informal purposes
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration understanding who to and how to cite in essays, reviews and academic assignments, and when it is appropriate to use direct quotations or to report sources more generally
Content descriptorAC9E9LE01 Literature
analyse the representations of people and places in literary texts, drawn from historical, social and cultural contexts, by First Nations Australian, and wide-ranging Australian and world authors
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration exploring and comparing representations of values of characters; for example, exploring the values associated with authority, community and family in literature drawn from different cultures and times
- Elaboration exploring how texts by First Nations Australian authors reflect unique ways of being, knowing, thinking and doing
- Elaboration exploring the way wide-ranging Australian novels, poems and films represent water and characters’ relationships with water
Content descriptorAC9E9LE03 Literature
analyse how features of literary texts influence readers’ preference for texts
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration reflecting on and discussing responses to literature including characterisation, setting details, plot events, themes and literary devices used to achieve particular effects, and collaboratively formulating a list of factors that distinguish value
Content descriptorAC9E9LE04 Literature
analyse texts and evaluate the aesthetic qualities and appeal of an author’s literary style
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration comparing texts created by the same author to determine literary style, assessing their appeal and presenting comparisons to others
Content descriptorAC9E9LE05 Literature
analyse the effect of text structures, language features and literary devices such as extended metaphor, metonymy, allegory, symbolism and intertextual references
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration examining how different authors make use of devices such as imagery, and explaining the effect of these choices on audiences
- Elaboration identifying examples of literary devices in a range of poems and considering how they contribute to meaning and influence the emotional responses of the audience
Content descriptorAC9E9LY01 Literacy
analyse how representations of people, places, events and concepts reflect contexts
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration examining the representation of public figures in media and recognising how these vary in different contexts
- Elaboration identifying and analysing how news is conveyed in texts; for example, analysing representations of an event at a particular time reported in the media
- Elaboration comparing texts from different time periods and analysing the language features used to represent individuals or groups
Content descriptorAC9E9LY03 Literacy
analyse and evaluate how language features are used to represent a perspective of an issue, event, situation, individual or group
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration analysing the use of language in the coverage of a contentious issue in a range of news and social media
- Elaboration explaining how authors use language features to represent ideas and convey opinions
- Elaboration comparing a range of advocacy, campaign or inspirational speeches from films or media and identifying language features that influence the listener
Content descriptorAC9E9LY04 Literacy
analyse the organisation of ideas in paragraphs and extended texts, and evaluate its impact on meaning
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration evaluating techniques used in texts to organise ideas and evoke emotional responses, such as comparison, contrast, exaggeration, juxtaposition, the changing of chronological order, and the expansion and compression of time
- Elaboration explaining whether the author conveys meaning effectively, through the sequence of information and evidence
Content descriptorAC9E9LY05 Literacy
use comprehension strategies such as visualising, predicting, connecting, summarising, monitoring, questioning and inferring to compare and contrast ideas and opinions in and between texts
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration comparing and contrasting visual representations of ideas, issues or events in online news reporting
- Elaboration comparing the representation of an event in print and digital sources, summarising their qualities, identifying opinions and analysing evidence
- Elaboration summarising articles representing a current event comparing and contrasting ideas and opinions in and between texts
They analyse the aesthetic qualities of texts.
Content descriptorAC9E9LA03 Language
examine how authors adapt and subvert text structures and language features by experimenting with spoken, written, visual and multimodal elements, and their combination
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration comparing the use of linear and non-linear narratives in a range of short stories, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures
- Elaboration comparing the opening paragraphs of different public texts such as feature articles, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures and language features
Content descriptorAC9E9LA07 Language
analyse how symbols in still and moving images augment meaning
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration investigating the use of symbols; for example, specific seasons, weather and colours in images, films and picture books, and evaluating their contribution to viewers’ understanding, recognising that visual and verbal symbols have different meanings for different groups and cultures
- Elaboration understanding the use of symbols by First Nations Australians, where a symbol may have many meanings or have different meanings across First Nations Australian groups; for example, artwork enables First Nations Australians from a particular Country/Place to identify symbols and interpret the artwork
Content descriptorAC9E9LA08 Language
analyse how vocabulary choices contribute to style, mood and tone
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration identifying the words used to create nuanced meaning; for example, identifying the words that create a sarcastic tone in a text
- Elaboration identifying how the vocabulary used in a text contributes to its stylistic effectiveness
Content descriptorAC9E9LE03 Literature
analyse how features of literary texts influence readers’ preference for texts
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration reflecting on and discussing responses to literature including characterisation, setting details, plot events, themes and literary devices used to achieve particular effects, and collaboratively formulating a list of factors that distinguish value
Content descriptorAC9E9LE04 Literature
analyse texts and evaluate the aesthetic qualities and appeal of an author’s literary style
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration comparing texts created by the same author to determine literary style, assessing their appeal and presenting comparisons to others
Content descriptorAC9E9LE05 Literature
analyse the effect of text structures, language features and literary devices such as extended metaphor, metonymy, allegory, symbolism and intertextual references
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration examining how different authors make use of devices such as imagery, and explaining the effect of these choices on audiences
- Elaboration identifying examples of literary devices in a range of poems and considering how they contribute to meaning and influence the emotional responses of the audience
They analyse the effects of text structures, and language features including literary devices, intertextual references, and multimodal features.
Content descriptorAC9E9LA03 Language
examine how authors adapt and subvert text structures and language features by experimenting with spoken, written, visual and multimodal elements, and their combination
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration comparing the use of linear and non-linear narratives in a range of short stories, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures
- Elaboration comparing the opening paragraphs of different public texts such as feature articles, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures and language features
Content descriptorAC9E9LA04 Language
investigate a range of cohesive devices that condense information in texts, including nominalisation, and devices that link, expand and develop ideas, including text connectives
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration sequencing and developing an argument using language structures that suggest conclusions (“therefore”, “moreover” and “so”) or give reasons (“since”, “because”) or suggest conditionals (“if … then”)
Content descriptorAC9E9LA05 Language
identify how authors vary sentence structures creatively for effects, such as intentionally using a dependent clause on its own or a sentence fragment
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration identifying the effects of using an interrupting clause inside another clause; for example, “His friend, who had left home the previous year, suddenly returned.”, intentionally using a dependent clause on its own; for example, “If you see what I mean.” or using a sentence fragment; for example, “Breathtaking!”
Content descriptorAC9E9LA06 Language
understand how abstract nouns and nominalisation can be used to summarise ideas in text
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration exploring sections of academic and technical texts, and analysing the use of abstract nouns; for example, “the previous argument”, “the prologue”, to summarise and distil information, structure the argument and summarise preceding explanations
Content descriptorAC9E9LA07 Language
analyse how symbols in still and moving images augment meaning
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration investigating the use of symbols; for example, specific seasons, weather and colours in images, films and picture books, and evaluating their contribution to viewers’ understanding, recognising that visual and verbal symbols have different meanings for different groups and cultures
- Elaboration understanding the use of symbols by First Nations Australians, where a symbol may have many meanings or have different meanings across First Nations Australian groups; for example, artwork enables First Nations Australians from a particular Country/Place to identify symbols and interpret the artwork
Content descriptorAC9E9LA08 Language
analyse how vocabulary choices contribute to style, mood and tone
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration identifying the words used to create nuanced meaning; for example, identifying the words that create a sarcastic tone in a text
- Elaboration identifying how the vocabulary used in a text contributes to its stylistic effectiveness
Content descriptorAC9E9LA09 Language
understand punctuation conventions for referencing and citing others for formal and informal purposes
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration understanding who to and how to cite in essays, reviews and academic assignments, and when it is appropriate to use direct quotations or to report sources more generally
Content descriptorAC9E9LE03 Literature
analyse how features of literary texts influence readers’ preference for texts
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration reflecting on and discussing responses to literature including characterisation, setting details, plot events, themes and literary devices used to achieve particular effects, and collaboratively formulating a list of factors that distinguish value
Content descriptorAC9E9LE04 Literature
analyse texts and evaluate the aesthetic qualities and appeal of an author’s literary style
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration comparing texts created by the same author to determine literary style, assessing their appeal and presenting comparisons to others
Content descriptorAC9E9LE05 Literature
analyse the effect of text structures, language features and literary devices such as extended metaphor, metonymy, allegory, symbolism and intertextual references
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration examining how different authors make use of devices such as imagery, and explaining the effect of these choices on audiences
- Elaboration identifying examples of literary devices in a range of poems and considering how they contribute to meaning and influence the emotional responses of the audience
Content descriptorAC9E9LY03 Literacy
analyse and evaluate how language features are used to represent a perspective of an issue, event, situation, individual or group
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration analysing the use of language in the coverage of a contentious issue in a range of news and social media
- Elaboration explaining how authors use language features to represent ideas and convey opinions
- Elaboration comparing a range of advocacy, campaign or inspirational speeches from films or media and identifying language features that influence the listener
Content descriptorAC9E9LY04 Literacy
analyse the organisation of ideas in paragraphs and extended texts, and evaluate its impact on meaning
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration evaluating techniques used in texts to organise ideas and evoke emotional responses, such as comparison, contrast, exaggeration, juxtaposition, the changing of chronological order, and the expansion and compression of time
- Elaboration explaining whether the author conveys meaning effectively, through the sequence of information and evidence
Content descriptorAC9E9LY08 Literacy
understand how spelling is used in texts for particular effects; for example, characterisation, humour and to represent accents and distinctive speech
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration exploring the spelling of neologisms and their effect in media texts such as online posts; for example, “selfie” and “Paralympics”
- Elaboration analysing how spelling is used to represent the distinctive speech of a character by noting where authors have dropped letters from words to emulate the sound of spoken words
They create written and multimodal texts, including literary texts, for a range of purposes and audiences, expressing and expanding ideas, shaping meaning and providing substantiation.
Content descriptorAC9E9LA02 Language
understand how evaluation can be expressed directly and indirectly using devices such as allusion, evocative vocabulary and metaphor
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration comparing texts that use evaluative language in different ways; for example, print advertisements, editorials, talkback radio, podcasts and poetry, and identifying wording that appraises indirectly through evocative language, similes and metaphors that direct readers’ views in particular ways
Content descriptorAC9E9LA03 Language
examine how authors adapt and subvert text structures and language features by experimenting with spoken, written, visual and multimodal elements, and their combination
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration comparing the use of linear and non-linear narratives in a range of short stories, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures
- Elaboration comparing the opening paragraphs of different public texts such as feature articles, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures and language features
Content descriptorAC9E9LA04 Language
investigate a range of cohesive devices that condense information in texts, including nominalisation, and devices that link, expand and develop ideas, including text connectives
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration sequencing and developing an argument using language structures that suggest conclusions (“therefore”, “moreover” and “so”) or give reasons (“since”, “because”) or suggest conditionals (“if … then”)
Content descriptorAC9E9LA05 Language
identify how authors vary sentence structures creatively for effects, such as intentionally using a dependent clause on its own or a sentence fragment
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration identifying the effects of using an interrupting clause inside another clause; for example, “His friend, who had left home the previous year, suddenly returned.”, intentionally using a dependent clause on its own; for example, “If you see what I mean.” or using a sentence fragment; for example, “Breathtaking!”
Content descriptorAC9E9LA06 Language
understand how abstract nouns and nominalisation can be used to summarise ideas in text
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration exploring sections of academic and technical texts, and analysing the use of abstract nouns; for example, “the previous argument”, “the prologue”, to summarise and distil information, structure the argument and summarise preceding explanations
Content descriptorAC9E9LA07 Language
analyse how symbols in still and moving images augment meaning
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration investigating the use of symbols; for example, specific seasons, weather and colours in images, films and picture books, and evaluating their contribution to viewers’ understanding, recognising that visual and verbal symbols have different meanings for different groups and cultures
- Elaboration understanding the use of symbols by First Nations Australians, where a symbol may have many meanings or have different meanings across First Nations Australian groups; for example, artwork enables First Nations Australians from a particular Country/Place to identify symbols and interpret the artwork
Content descriptorAC9E9LA08 Language
analyse how vocabulary choices contribute to style, mood and tone
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration identifying the words used to create nuanced meaning; for example, identifying the words that create a sarcastic tone in a text
- Elaboration identifying how the vocabulary used in a text contributes to its stylistic effectiveness
Content descriptorAC9E9LA09 Language
understand punctuation conventions for referencing and citing others for formal and informal purposes
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration understanding who to and how to cite in essays, reviews and academic assignments, and when it is appropriate to use direct quotations or to report sources more generally
Content descriptorAC9E9LE01 Literature
analyse the representations of people and places in literary texts, drawn from historical, social and cultural contexts, by First Nations Australian, and wide-ranging Australian and world authors
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration exploring and comparing representations of values of characters; for example, exploring the values associated with authority, community and family in literature drawn from different cultures and times
- Elaboration exploring how texts by First Nations Australian authors reflect unique ways of being, knowing, thinking and doing
- Elaboration exploring the way wide-ranging Australian novels, poems and films represent water and characters’ relationships with water
Content descriptorAC9E9LE02 Literature
present a personal response to a literary text comparing initial impressions and subsequent analysis of the whole text
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration interrogating and making judgements about a text, comparing others’ ideas against the student’s own and reaching an independent decision or consensus about the interpretations and ideas expressed
Content descriptorAC9E9LE03 Literature
analyse how features of literary texts influence readers’ preference for texts
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration reflecting on and discussing responses to literature including characterisation, setting details, plot events, themes and literary devices used to achieve particular effects, and collaboratively formulating a list of factors that distinguish value
Content descriptorAC9E9LE04 Literature
analyse texts and evaluate the aesthetic qualities and appeal of an author’s literary style
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration comparing texts created by the same author to determine literary style, assessing their appeal and presenting comparisons to others
Content descriptorAC9E9LE05 Literature
analyse the effect of text structures, language features and literary devices such as extended metaphor, metonymy, allegory, symbolism and intertextual references
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration examining how different authors make use of devices such as imagery, and explaining the effect of these choices on audiences
- Elaboration identifying examples of literary devices in a range of poems and considering how they contribute to meaning and influence the emotional responses of the audience
Content descriptorAC9E9LE06 Literature
create and edit literary texts, that may be a hybrid, that experiment with text structures, language features and literary devices for purposes and audiences
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration taking an existing short story, poem, play or speech in print form and creating a short film
- Elaboration adapting traditional and contemporary literature through textual intervention, prequel or sequel
- Elaboration editing by checking for run-on sentences, ensuring that detail or repetition is used for effect, and ensuring paragraphs are linked in ways that develop the narrative
Content descriptorAC9E9LY01 Literacy
analyse how representations of people, places, events and concepts reflect contexts
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration examining the representation of public figures in media and recognising how these vary in different contexts
- Elaboration identifying and analysing how news is conveyed in texts; for example, analysing representations of an event at a particular time reported in the media
- Elaboration comparing texts from different time periods and analysing the language features used to represent individuals or groups
Content descriptorAC9E9LY03 Literacy
analyse and evaluate how language features are used to represent a perspective of an issue, event, situation, individual or group
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration analysing the use of language in the coverage of a contentious issue in a range of news and social media
- Elaboration explaining how authors use language features to represent ideas and convey opinions
- Elaboration comparing a range of advocacy, campaign or inspirational speeches from films or media and identifying language features that influence the listener
Content descriptorAC9E9LY04 Literacy
analyse the organisation of ideas in paragraphs and extended texts, and evaluate its impact on meaning
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration evaluating techniques used in texts to organise ideas and evoke emotional responses, such as comparison, contrast, exaggeration, juxtaposition, the changing of chronological order, and the expansion and compression of time
- Elaboration explaining whether the author conveys meaning effectively, through the sequence of information and evidence
Content descriptorAC9E9LY06 Literacy
plan, create, edit and publish written and multimodal texts, organising, expanding and developing ideas, and selecting text structures, language features, literary devices and multimodal features for purposes and audiences in ways that may be imaginative, reflective, informative, persuasive, analytical and/or critical
Elaborations (4)
- Elaboration developing an argument that has a series of sequenced and linked paragraphs, beginning with a contention, followed by a series of supported points that develop a line of argument, and a conclusion that summarises the main line of argument
- Elaboration creating informative texts that explain and analyse complex phenomena using well-chosen facts and precise language
- Elaboration reviewing and editing their own and others’ texts, which may involve using online applications, for accuracy of grammar, spelling and punctuation, and to achieve particular purposes and address specific audiences by improving clarity and control of content through organising, developing, extending and linking ideas
- Elaboration discussing choices of literary devices used in a literary text with a peer, and evaluating the potential effect of each choice on an audience
Content descriptorAC9E9LY08 Literacy
understand how spelling is used in texts for particular effects; for example, characterisation, humour and to represent accents and distinctive speech
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration exploring the spelling of neologisms and their effect in media texts such as online posts; for example, “selfie” and “Paralympics”
- Elaboration analysing how spelling is used to represent the distinctive speech of a character by noting where authors have dropped letters from words to emulate the sound of spoken words
They select and experiment with text structures to organise, develop and link ideas.
Content descriptorAC9E9LA03 Language
examine how authors adapt and subvert text structures and language features by experimenting with spoken, written, visual and multimodal elements, and their combination
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration comparing the use of linear and non-linear narratives in a range of short stories, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures
- Elaboration comparing the opening paragraphs of different public texts such as feature articles, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures and language features
Content descriptorAC9E9LA04 Language
investigate a range of cohesive devices that condense information in texts, including nominalisation, and devices that link, expand and develop ideas, including text connectives
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration sequencing and developing an argument using language structures that suggest conclusions (“therefore”, “moreover” and “so”) or give reasons (“since”, “because”) or suggest conditionals (“if … then”)
Content descriptorAC9E9LE06 Literature
create and edit literary texts, that may be a hybrid, that experiment with text structures, language features and literary devices for purposes and audiences
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration taking an existing short story, poem, play or speech in print form and creating a short film
- Elaboration adapting traditional and contemporary literature through textual intervention, prequel or sequel
- Elaboration editing by checking for run-on sentences, ensuring that detail or repetition is used for effect, and ensuring paragraphs are linked in ways that develop the narrative
Content descriptorAC9E9LY06 Literacy
plan, create, edit and publish written and multimodal texts, organising, expanding and developing ideas, and selecting text structures, language features, literary devices and multimodal features for purposes and audiences in ways that may be imaginative, reflective, informative, persuasive, analytical and/or critical
Elaborations (4)
- Elaboration developing an argument that has a series of sequenced and linked paragraphs, beginning with a contention, followed by a series of supported points that develop a line of argument, and a conclusion that summarises the main line of argument
- Elaboration creating informative texts that explain and analyse complex phenomena using well-chosen facts and precise language
- Elaboration reviewing and editing their own and others’ texts, which may involve using online applications, for accuracy of grammar, spelling and punctuation, and to achieve particular purposes and address specific audiences by improving clarity and control of content through organising, developing, extending and linking ideas
- Elaboration discussing choices of literary devices used in a literary text with a peer, and evaluating the potential effect of each choice on an audience
They select and experiment with language features including literary devices, and experiment with multimodal features.
Content descriptorAC9E9LA02 Language
understand how evaluation can be expressed directly and indirectly using devices such as allusion, evocative vocabulary and metaphor
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration comparing texts that use evaluative language in different ways; for example, print advertisements, editorials, talkback radio, podcasts and poetry, and identifying wording that appraises indirectly through evocative language, similes and metaphors that direct readers’ views in particular ways
Content descriptorAC9E9LA03 Language
examine how authors adapt and subvert text structures and language features by experimenting with spoken, written, visual and multimodal elements, and their combination
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration comparing the use of linear and non-linear narratives in a range of short stories, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures
- Elaboration comparing the opening paragraphs of different public texts such as feature articles, and determining the purpose and effect of the different structures and language features
Content descriptorAC9E9LA05 Language
identify how authors vary sentence structures creatively for effects, such as intentionally using a dependent clause on its own or a sentence fragment
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration identifying the effects of using an interrupting clause inside another clause; for example, “His friend, who had left home the previous year, suddenly returned.”, intentionally using a dependent clause on its own; for example, “If you see what I mean.” or using a sentence fragment; for example, “Breathtaking!”
Content descriptorAC9E9LA06 Language
understand how abstract nouns and nominalisation can be used to summarise ideas in text
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration exploring sections of academic and technical texts, and analysing the use of abstract nouns; for example, “the previous argument”, “the prologue”, to summarise and distil information, structure the argument and summarise preceding explanations
Content descriptorAC9E9LA07 Language
analyse how symbols in still and moving images augment meaning
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration investigating the use of symbols; for example, specific seasons, weather and colours in images, films and picture books, and evaluating their contribution to viewers’ understanding, recognising that visual and verbal symbols have different meanings for different groups and cultures
- Elaboration understanding the use of symbols by First Nations Australians, where a symbol may have many meanings or have different meanings across First Nations Australian groups; for example, artwork enables First Nations Australians from a particular Country/Place to identify symbols and interpret the artwork
Content descriptorAC9E9LA08 Language
analyse how vocabulary choices contribute to style, mood and tone
Elaborations (2)
- Elaboration identifying the words used to create nuanced meaning; for example, identifying the words that create a sarcastic tone in a text
- Elaboration identifying how the vocabulary used in a text contributes to its stylistic effectiveness
Content descriptorAC9E9LA09 Language
understand punctuation conventions for referencing and citing others for formal and informal purposes
Elaborations (1)
- Elaboration understanding who to and how to cite in essays, reviews and academic assignments, and when it is appropriate to use direct quotations or to report sources more generally
Content descriptorAC9E9LE06 Literature
create and edit literary texts, that may be a hybrid, that experiment with text structures, language features and literary devices for purposes and audiences
Elaborations (3)
- Elaboration taking an existing short story, poem, play or speech in print form and creating a short film
- Elaboration adapting traditional and contemporary literature through textual intervention, prequel or sequel
- Elaboration editing by checking for run-on sentences, ensuring that detail or repetition is used for effect, and ensuring paragraphs are linked in ways that develop the narrative
Content descriptorAC9E9LY06 Literacy
plan, create, edit and publish written and multimodal texts, organising, expanding and developing ideas, and selecting text structures, language features, literary devices and multimodal features for purposes and audiences in ways that may be imaginative, reflective, informative, persuasive, analytical and/or critical
Elaborations (4)
- Elaboration developing an argument that has a series of sequenced and linked paragraphs, beginning with a contention, followed by a series of supported points that develop a line of argument, and a conclusion that summarises the main line of argument
- Elaboration creating informative texts that explain and analyse complex phenomena using well-chosen facts and precise language
- Elaboration reviewing and editing their own and others’ texts, which may involve using online applications, for accuracy of grammar, spelling and punctuation, and to achieve particular purposes and address specific audiences by improving clarity and control of content through organising, developing, extending and linking ideas
- Elaboration discussing choices of literary devices used in a literary text with a peer, and evaluating the potential effect of each choice on an audience
This achievement standard describes the expected learning for Year 9 English. Use it to plan teaching and assessment with the Australian Curriculum v9.
At a Glance
| Strand | Substrand | CDs | Elaborations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Language | Language for interacting with others | 2 | 3 |
| Language | Text structure and organisation | 2 | 3 |
| Language | Language for expressing and developing ideas | 5 | 7 |
| Literature | Literature and contexts | 1 | 3 |
| Literature | Engaging with and responding to literature | 2 | 2 |
| Literature | Examining literature | 2 | 3 |
| Literature | Creating literature | 1 | 3 |
| Literacy | Texts in context | 1 | 3 |
| Literacy | Interacting with others | 1 | 2 |
| Literacy | Analysing, interpreting and evaluating | 3 | 8 |
| Literacy | Creating texts | 2 | 8 |
| Literacy | Word knowledge | 1 | 2 |
| Total | 23 | 47 | |