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AC9M4P01: Year 4 Mathematics Content Descriptor – Probability
AC9M4P01 Year 4 Mathematics

AC9M4P01 – Year 4 Mathematics: null

Strand
Probability
Substrand
Probability

This Content Descriptor from Year 4 Mathematics provides the specific knowledge and skills students should learn. Use it to plan lessons, create learning sequences, and design assessments that align with the Australian Curriculum v9.

Content Descriptor

describe possible everyday events and the possible outcomes of chance experiments and order outcomes or events based on their likelihood of occurring; identify independent or dependent events

Elaborations

  • • using lists of events familiar to students and ordering them from “least likely” to “most likely” to occur; considering and discussing why the order of some events might be different for different students
  • • predicting the outcome of a coin toss after \(5\) heads have been flipped in a row, discussing the assertion that because so many heads came up, it is more likely that a tail rather than a head will come up next; discussing with reasons why the assumption is correct or incorrect
  • • predicting how likely, from least likely to most likely, of selecting a red ball from a bag containing \(10\) red balls and \(5\) white balls, a bag containing \(20\) of each, or one that has \(25\) red balls and \(20\) white balls, justifying their decision
  • • identifying school activities where the chance of them taking place is affected by the chance of other events occurring; for example, given that there is a high chance of a storm on Friday, there is only a small chance that the coastal dune planting project will go ahead
  • • listing the outcomes of everyday chance situations and identifying where one cannot happen if the other happens; for example, discussing that it cannot be hot and cold at the same time; selecting a card from a deck and discussing if it is red it cannot be a spade or a club
  • • identifying different dependent events where the chance of one outcome occurring will be affected by the occurrence of other outcomes and different independent events where the chance of one outcome occurring will not be affected by the occurrence of other outcome(s)
  • • exploring how ordering outcomes based on their likelihood of occurring is an essential component of early warning systems that use artificial intelligence to make decisions, such as natural disaster warning systems
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  • • discussing how likelihood relates to the decisions an artificial intelligence tool makes when generating predictive text; for example, discussing which word would most likely come next in a sentence, then refining the decision as the first letter is revealed

Achievement Standard This Supports

This Content Descriptor contributes to the following Achievement Standard:

Year 4 ASMATY4
Year 4 Mathematics Achievement Standard
By the end of Year 4, students use their understanding of place value to represent tenths and hundredths in decimal form and to multiply natural numbers by multiples of 10. They use mathematical modelling to solve financial and other practical problems , formulating the problem using number sentences, solving the problem choosing efficient strategies and interpreting the results in terms of the situation. Students use their proficiency with addition and multiplication facts to add and subtract, multiply and divide numbers efficiently. They choose rounding and estimation strategies to determine whether results of calculations are reasonable. Students use the properties of odd and even numbers. They recognise equivalent fractions and make connections between fraction and decimal notations. Students count and represent fractions on a number line. They find unknown values in numerical equations involving addition and subtraction. Students follow and create algorithms that generate sets of numbers and identify emerging patterns. They use scaled instruments and appropriate units to measure length, mass, capacity and temperature. Students measure and approximate perimeters and areas. They convert between units of time when solving problems involving duration. Students compare angles relative to a right angle using angle names. They represent and approximate shapes and objects in the environment. Students create and interpret grid references. They identify line and rotational symmetry in plane shapes and create symmetrical patterns. Students create many-to-one data displays, assess the suitability of displays for representing data and discuss the shape of distributions and variation in data. They use surveys and digital tools to generate categorical or discrete numerical data in statistical investigations and communicate their findings in context. Students order events or the outcomes of chance experiments in terms of likelihood and identify whether events are independent or dependent. They conduct repeated chance experiments and describe the variation in results.